About Van Gogh's Family About Van Gogh's Family

Vincent Van Gogh Biography

Built-in: March xxx, 1853
Groot-Zundert, Holland
Died: July 29, 1890
Auvers, France
Dutch painter

Vincent Van Gogh was a Dutch painter whose formal distortions and humanistic concerns fabricated him a major pioneer of twentieth-century expressionism, an creative movement that emphasized expression of the artist'southward experience.

Childhood

Born on March thirty, 1853, at Groot-Zundert in the province of Brabant, Kingdom of the netherlands, Vincent Willem Van Gogh was the son of a Protestant government minister, Theodorus Van Gogh. Exactly a yr before his birth, his mother, Cornelia, gave birth to an infant, also named Vincent, who was stillborn, or dead upon nativity. His grieving parents buried the child and prepare a tombstone to mark the grave. Every bit a result, Vincent Van Gogh grew up near the haunting sight of a grave with his own name upon information technology. His female parent later gave birth to Theo, his younger brother, and three younger sisters. Not much is known about Van Gogh'due south earlier pedagogy, but he did receive some encouragement from his mother to depict and paint. Equally a teenager he drew and painted regularly.

Van Gogh'due south uncle was a partner in Goupil and Visitor, art dealers. Vincent entered the business firm at the age of sixteen and remained at that place for six years. He served the firm get-go in The Hague, the political seat of holland, so in London, England, where he cruel in love with his landlady's daughter, who rejected him. Later he worked for Goupil'due south branch in Paris, France.

Because of Van Gogh'due south unpleasant mental attitude, Goupil dismissed him in 1876. That yr he returned to England, worked at a small school at Ramsgate, and did some preaching. In early 1877 he clerked in a bookshop in Dordrecht. Then, convinced that the ministry building ought to be his calling, he joined a religious seminary in Brussels, Belgium. He left three months later to go an evangelist (a preacher) in a poor mining section of Belgium, the Borinage. Van Gogh exhibited the necessary dedication, even giving away his clothes, but his odd behavior kept the miners at a distance. Once again, in July 1879, he found himself dismissed from a job. This period was a dark ane for Van Gogh. He wished to give himself to others only was constantly being rejected.

In 1880, later much soul searching, Van Gogh decided to devote his life to art, a profession he accepted as a spiritual calling. When in London he had visited museums, and he had fatigued a little while in the Borinage. In Oct 1880 he attended an art school in Brussels, where he studied the basics of perspective (representing iii-dimensional objects on a 2-dimensional surface) and anatomy (the human body). From April to December 1881 he stayed with his parents, who were then in Etten, and continued to work on his art. At this time, besides, he studied at the academic art school at The Hague, where his cousin Anton Mauve taught.

Dutch flow

During Van Gogh's Dutch menstruation (1880–1886) he created works in which his overriding concerns for his young man human being were growing. His subjects were poor people, miners, peasants, and inhabitants of almshouses, or houses for the poor. Among his favorite painters at this fourth dimension were Jean François Millet (1814–1875), Rembrandt (1606–1669), and Honoré Daumier (1808–1879). Complementing Van Gogh'south dreary subject field matter of this time were his colors, night brownish and greenish shades. The masterpiece of Van Gogh'south Dutch period is the Murphy Eaters (1885), a night scene in which peasants sit at their meal around a table.

Van Gogh decided to get to Paris in early 1886, partially because he was drawn to the unproblematic and artistic life of the French city. His younger brother, Theo, was living in Paris, where he directed a small gallery maintained past Goupil and Company. Theo had supported Vincent financially and emotionally from the time he decided to become a painter, and would continue to practise so throughout his life. The letters between the brothers are among the most moving documents in all the history of Western art. Vincent shared Theo's apartment and studied at an art school run by the traditional painter Fernand Cormon, where he met Émile Bernard (1868–1941) and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864–1901), who became his friends.

Past now Van Gogh was largely nether the influence of the impressionists, a style of painting where the artist concentrates on the immediate impression of a scene by the utilise of light and color. Specially influenced past Camille Pissarro (1830–1903), Van Gogh was persuaded to give up the gloomy tones of his Dutch menstruum for bright, high-keyed colors. Also, his field of study affair changed from the world of peasants to a typically impressionistic field of study matter, such as cafés and cityscapes around Montmartre, an area of northern Paris. He too copied Japanese prints. While subjects and handling were obviously taken from impressionism, there often could be detected a certain sad quality, equally in a scene of Montmartre (1886), where pedestrians are pushed to the outer sides of an open square.

Stay at Arles

Longing for a identify of calorie-free and warmth, and tired of being entirely financially dependent on Theo, Van Gogh left for Arles in southern France in February 1888. The pleasant country about Arles and the warmth of the place restored Van Gogh to health. In his fifteen months at that place he painted over ii hundred pictures. At this time he applied color in simplified, highly dense masses, his drawing became more energetic and confused than ever earlier, and objects seemed to radiate a lite of their own without giving off shadows. During this period he as well turned to painting portraits and executed several self-portraits. Amid the masterpieces of his Arles period are the Fishing Boats on the Beach at Saintes-Maries (June 1888); the Night Café (September); and the Creative person'due south Bedchamber at Arles (Oct).

At Arles Van Gogh suffered fainting spells and seizures (involuntary muscle

Vincent Van Gogh.
Courtesy of the

Library of Congress

.

spasms). The local population began to turn confronting him besides. Paul Gauguin (1848–1903), responding to his invitation, visited him in Oct 1888, but the ii men quarreled violently. Gauguin left for Paris. Van Gogh, in a fit of remorse and acrimony, cut off his ear. On May ix, 1889, he asked to be admitted to the asylum at Saint-Rémy-de Provence, a infirmary for the mentally ill.

Production at Saint-Rémy

In the year Van Gogh spent at the asylum he worked as much every bit he had at Arles, producing 150 paintings and hundreds of drawings. Van Gogh suffered several attacks but was completely peaceful in between. At this time he received his outset critical praise (a good review), an article by the author Albert Aurier.

During Van Gogh's stay at Saint-Rémy, his fine art changed markedly. His colors lost the intensity of the Arles period: yellows became coppers; reds verged toward brownish tones. His lines became restless. He applied the paint more violently with thicker impasto, the application of thick layers. Van Gogh was drawn to objects in nature nether stress: whirling suns, twisted cypress trees, and surging mountains. In Starry Night (1889) the whole world seems engulfed by circular movements.

Van Gogh went to Paris on May 17, 1890, to visit his brother. On the advice of Pissarro, Theo had Vincent go to Auvers, just exterior Paris, to submit to the care of Dr. Paul Gachet, an apprentice painter and a friend of Pissarro and Paul Cézanne (1839–1906).

Final year at Auvers

Van Gogh arrived at Auvers on May 21, 1890. He painted a portrait of Dr. Gachet and portraits of his daughters, too as the Church building of Auvers. The blue of the Auvers period was not the full blueish of Arles but a more mysterious, flickering blue. In his concluding painting, the Cornfield with Crows, Van Gogh showed a topsy-turvy world. The spectator himself becomes the object of perspective, and it is toward him that the crows appear to be flying.

At first Van Gogh felt relieved at Auvers, but toward the terminate of June he experienced fits of temper and frequently quarreled with Gachet. On July 27, 1890, he shot himself in a lone field and died the morning of July 29, 1890.

For More Information

Arnold, Wilfred Niels. Vincent Van Gogh: Chemicals, Crises, and Creativity. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1992.

Greenberg, Jan. Vincent Van Gogh: Portrait of an Artist. New York: Delacorte Press, 2001.

Hammacher, Abraham G. Genius and Disaster: The Ten Creative Years of Vincent Van Gogh. New York: H. N. Abrams, 1968.

Isom, Joan Shaddox. The First Starry Night. Dallas: Whispering Coyote Printing, 1997.

Lubin, Albert J. Stranger on the Globe: A Psychological Biography of Vincent Van Gogh. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996.

Metzger, Rainer, and Ingo F. Walther. Vincent Van Gogh: 1853–1890. New York: Taschen, 1998.

Schapiro, Meyer. Vincent Van Gogh. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1980.

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